Cop or cord-package.



UNITED 'l STATES Patented April 11, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

SIMON W. WARDVVELL, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE COMMONWEALTH .TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

- COPl on cono-PACKAGE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 786,863, dated April 11, 1905. Application iiled April 22, 1902. Serial No. 104,213.

To all whom 212? may concern:

Be it known that I, SIMON W. WARDWELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Providence, county of Providence, and State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cops or Cord-Packages, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to cops or packages of cord or other relatively heavy materials, and

IO particularly to those cops which are wound to a large diameter as compared with the diameter of the tube or core on which they are supported.

The purpose of my invention is to produce I5 a self-sustaining package of maximum density that shall be susceptible of a higher rate of production than any other packages of similar dimensions.

Figure l is a diagrammatic representation of 2O thediameters at which the number of winds is changed, as will be hereinafter described. Fig. 2 is a view of the surface of the cop in its first stage wound with five winds. Fig. 3 shows a llater stage in which thenumber of winds has been reduced to three and a half; Fig. 4, the next successive stage at which the number of winds has been reduced to three.

My improved Vcop possesses the essential characteristics of the well-known Universal wound cop, so called, described in reissue Patent No. 11,856.

It consists of openly-coiled helices of cord each closely juxtaposed to its next adjacent helices to form a dense, compact, self-sustaining cord-package; but whereas in the cop disclosed in the aforesaid patent the cord throughout the package extends from end to end of the package with uniformly the same number of convolutions in my improved cop the number of convolutions is varied at predetermined intervals, thus producing a cop of stratified laminated structure, each lamination composed of cord laid in openly-coiled helices, which extend with uniformly the same number of convolutions from end to end of the cop and which helices are disposed closely parallelv to the next preceding andthe next succeeding helices and each lamination only diifering from others by the number of convolutions in its component helices. Before explaining the conditions which require this peculiar and novel form of cop structure I will recite the conditions which essentially govern the winding of a Universal cop and Vwhich must be considered in winding my im- 5 5 proved cop in order to obtain the most ecient results.

Following the terminology with which those conversant with winding are familiar, the term winds will be employed to indicate the number of convolutions made by the cord in extending from one end of the cop to the other. Thus a cop in which the cord extends from end to end with four turns or convolutions is termed a four-wind cop or is said to be wound with four winds.

-It is evident from the above that given a Kfixed rate of reciprocation of the thread-guide the rotative speed of the winding-spindle varies directly with the number of Winds.

Those familiar with high-speed windingmachines know that, ignoring the nature of the material, the-speed of the machine is limited by the weight of the reciprocating parts, which must not be actuated at so high a rate as to cause unnecessary shock and wear by their momentum and inertia, hence as the rate of rotation of the winding-spindle depends on the number of winds employed that where' relatively many winds are used the spindle 8O may -rotateat a much higher rate than where the number 'of winds employed is small.

It is further known to those versed in the art that the stability of the cop depends on the number of Winds employed, for the number of winds, in conjunction with the length of the' package and diameter of the surface on which the cord is deposited, controls the. angle c which the cord makes with the axis of the cop and which angle must be suficiently accute to restrain any tendency of the package to elongate or bulge under the constrictive action of the outer layers. Normally, if the yarn is carried with a gradual bend across the package at the end it affords a comparatively free section, which under the pressure of overlying ,layers will be forced outward, causing the ends of the cop to bulge. lVhen, however, the yarn is carried to the end and bent abruptly back, the tendency is to draw back from the end of the package, and there are no free lengths or sections of yarn which can be forced laterally outward, and the length ofthe cop is preserved uniform throughout. A cop whose length is relatively great compared with its diameter can be perfectly wound with relatively many winds, while a cop of the same length, but of relatively great diameter, must be wound with few winds to obtain perfect results, and hence must be wound at slower rotative speed.

If a cop is started with the helices at an eX- tremely acute angle, e2, Fig. Q, such as would be permissible at the termination of the winding and completion of the cop and such as results where there are but few winds in each helix, the cord or yarn will slip upon the core Vfromeach end toward the center and pile up,

forming a central rib gradually expanding as layers are added until the cop reaches its maximum length. In such case, of course, the cop is not symmetrical or uniform as to its length nor the disposition of coils in any two succeeding layers, and when the inside portion of the cop is unwound the resistance to the delivery of the yarn varies to an objectionable degree.

My invention is particularly designed to overcome the limitations to speedy winding which are incident to withdrawing the cord from rotating bobbins or spools, especially due to the extreme disparity between the maximum diameter of the package wound and the minimum or barrel diameter of the spool from which it is withdrawn. The commercial spool or bobbin is crudely made, invariably eccentric and unbalanced, and subject to such wear and tear as would quickly destroy its efficiency as a high-speed unrolling supply even had it originally been made perfect. Because of these imperfections it cannot be rotated beyond acertain rate at which a chattering and vibration inevitably occur that causes great resistance to delivery and unevenness of tension, increasing' the constrictive tendency of the cop and its resultant bulging and unduly straining the cord.

If the cop is wound with constant rotative speed throughout, the rate of that speed must be such that when the cop reaches its maximum diameter and when drawing the cord from a nearly empty bobbin the latter shall rotate at a speed not greater than that at which it can deliver the cord without chattering and the resultant resistance.

The usual type of spool possesses a barrel one and one-half inches diameter and when filled with cord approximates six inches outside diameter. A usual form of cord-package is wound on a th ree-inch-diameter tube to an extreme diameter of twelve inches. A usual rate of rotation for a winding-spindle is one thousand rotations per minute. At this speed the machine would wind only two hundred yards of cord per minute at the start on the threeinch-diameter tube, and if winding from a full spool the latter would rotate at about live hundred turns per minute. At the completion of the twelve-inch-diameter cop the winding speed or rate of draft would be one thousand yards per minute, and if the cord were withdrawn from a nearly-empty bobbin the latter would rotate at the enormous speed of eight thousand turns per minute, which is absolutely impracticable.

In view of the extreme diameter of the cop it is necessary to assign a small number of winds in order to ins'ure the stability of thc cop. It is therefore necessary to wind such a cop with a rotative speed, which when at the greatest diameter and drawing cord from the nearly-empty bobbin shall not cause the latter to rotate at so great a speed as shall cause the chattering and consequent resistance to delivery above referred to. It is further obvious that with the rotative speed adapted to a twelve-inch-diameter cop at three inches diameter the rate of draft of the cord, upon which depends the production of the winding, will be far below the highest attainable rate, or, in other words, that when the cop is only three inches or four inches in diameter it might be rotated at a much higher rate of speed than at its twelve-inch diameter without generating those limiting conditions of delivery above referred to; but at this small diameter the rotative speed of the cop is limited by the number of winds which has also been adjusted to the maximum diameter of the cop. Hence if when the diameter of the cop is small it is desirable to so increase its rotative speed as to obtain substantially the came speed of draft as at the surface of the twelve -inch diameter cop the number of winds must be increased.

In producing my improved cop, therefore, I wind the first lamination with an many winds as is consistent with its own stability and its power to resist the constrictive action of the succeeding superimposed layers, thus permitting the winding-spimlle to rotate at a sulliciently high speed to draw the cord from its supply at the highest practicable rate when the lamination has attained its full diameter. W hen this predetermined diameter of the lamination has been attained, the number of winds is then reduced as a result of a corresponding reduction in the rotative speed of the spindle, which because of the increased diameter of the cop and the increased amount of cord taken up at each rotation thereof sufiices to maintain the average speed of draft of the cord substantially the same as in the first lamination. Vhen a diameter of cop is attained at which the speed of draft is the same or approximately the same as at the outlOO side diameter of the first lamination, the number of Winds is again changed. Thus the copA is wound by changing the number of winds at certain stages in its diametrical development, these stages being so related that in no lamination shall the maximum speed of draft of the cord produce an'excessive rate of rotation of the supply-spool.

The stages at which the change of wind may occur have been indicatedl in- Fig. l by the concentric circles c, el, f, and g, of which the broken lines indicate the stages in the development of the cop, which are not illustrated, while the full lines indicate the stages that are illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4.

'A'furth'er advantage is derived from this mode of winding, for the tension on the cord l throughout the package is thereby maintained more uniform. Thetension on a c'ord increases with increasing linear speed, so that in cops that `are woundfrom start to finish at a constant rotative speed and where there is an extreme disparity between the diameter at which the winding is started and that at which it is completed the outer layers are deposited under much greater tension than those first wound and cause a much greater tendency to bulge than in cops of less diameter.

By winding in the above-described manner I produce a cop so constituted that it may be wound at a higher average rate of production and with less variation of tension than other cops of equal diameter. It is also pointed out that the cop is composed of layers of cord each complete in itself, the coils in each layer vbeing closely juxtaposed, so that there are no intervening spaces to render it porous. The result is a firm perfectly-shaped cop of maximum density.

While I have described my package as a cord-package, it is obvious that other materials can be wound in the same manner equally well, and,further, that my invention is not confined to the specific number of winds or intervals indicated.

Therefore, without limiting myself to the character of the material to be wound or to the specific number or gradations of winds employed, I claim as my inventionl. A cop or thread-package in concentric laminations, each lamination consisting of a plurality of similar layers, and each layer composed of a succession of closely adjacent helices of thread, each helix extending from end to end4 of the package with uniformly the same number of winds in each lamination, but with the number of Winds made in one lamination dierent from the number of winds in other laminations.

2. A cop or package of continuous thread, consisting of a plurality of concentric laminations, with uniformly the same number of Winds in each lamination wound in layers of crossed helices, each helix extendingfrom end to end of the package parallel and closely adjacent to helices extending in the same direction, the helices of the innermost lamination having the greatest number of windsand each l, y

succeeding lamination havinga less number of winds or fraction thereof.

3. Acop or thread-package,comprising concentric rings or laminations, each composed of successive layers of thread wound in a succession ofclosely parallel helices with uniformly the same number of winds in each lami' nation but the number of winds decreasing from the initial lamination outward, each helix extending from end to end of the package and with the same number of winds as other helices in the same lamination, but With a different number of Winds from the helices of other laminations, and with all laminations wound from one common, continuous thread.

4. A method of winding thread-packages, consisting in winding a continuous thread first in a lamination consisting of similar layers having relatively many winds, then upon the Erst lamination a second, with a less number of winds than the first, and thus continuing to wind the thread in a succession of laminations with uniformly the same number-of winds in each lamination, but each with a less number of Winds than the lamination preceding, until the ultimate diameter of the package has been attained.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two sub- 

